Period 1846-1949
In this period began to enter the Dutch intervention in Bali in order to "pacification" of the entire area of the archipelago. In the process inadvertently arouse nationalist sentiment Indonesia, areas that have not been addressed by the administration of Batavia tried to master and united under administration. Dutch entry to Bali due to several things: a couple of royal rule in Bali that are considered disruptive Dutch commercial interests, refusal to accept the monopoly Bali offered Batavia, and requests for assistance from Lombok Island residents who feel unfairly treated by the rulers (from Bali).
Resistance Against People Dutch
This period is a period of resistance to the arrival of the Dutch in Bali. Resistance-resistance is marked by the eruption of war in various areas of Bali. Resistance-resistance can be described as follows:
- Buleleng War (1846)
- Jagaraga War (1848-1849)
- Kusamba War (1849)
- Banjar War (1868)
- Puputan Badung (1906)
- Bellows Klungkung (1908)
Age of Dutch colonization
Since Buleleng kingdom fell into the hands of Netherlands Dutch government began to take care of about government meddling in Bali. This is done by changing the name of the king as ruler of the area with a regent for Buleleng and Jembrana areas and placing PL Van Bloemen Waanders as controleur the first in Bali.The structure of government in Bali was still rooted in traditional governance structures, which keep the traditional leadership in implementing the government in these areas. For in Bali, the position of the king is the highest authority, which at the time of colonial rule was accompanied by a controleur. In the field of liability, the king directly responsible to the Resident of Bali and Lombok, located in Singaraja, while for South Bali, kings betanggung responsible to the Assistant Resident domiciled in Denpasar.To meet the needs of administrative personnel, the Dutch government has opened a grammar school the first in Bali, namely in Singaraja (1875) known as the Tweede Klasse School. In 1913 opened a school with the name of Erste Inlandsche School and then followed by a Dutch school with the name Hollands Inlandshe School (HIS) that his students are mostly from the children of nobility and the rich.
The birth of the Movement Organization
Due to the influence of education obtained, the young students and some of the people who have to get a job in the city of Singaraja initiative to establish an association with the name "Suita Tirta Gama" which aims to promote the Balinese people in the world of science through religion. This association dear burumur not long. Then some teachers who still thirst with religious education set up an association named "Shanti" in 1923. This society has a magazine called "Shanti Adnyana" which later became "Bali Adnyana".In 1925 in Singaraja also founded an association named "magnifier" and has a magazine named "magnifier". Such association Shanti, magnifier wants Balinese progress in the field of knowledge and to eliminate customs that are not in accordance with the times. Meanwhile, in Karangasem born an association called "Satya Samudaya Baudanda Bali Lombok" whose members consist of civil servants and the general public with the aim of saving and collecting money for the benefit of studiefonds.
Japanese Occupation Period
After going through several battles, the Japanese army landed on Sanur Beach on 18th and 19th February 1942. From the direction of this Sanur Japanese army entered the city of Denpasar with not experience any resistance. Then, from Denpasar Japan controlled the whole Bali. At first that laid the foundation of the Japanese power in Bali is Japanese Army forces (Rikugun). Then, when the atmosphere is stable control of government handed over to a civilian government.Because during the Japanese occupation of the atmosphere is in a state of war, all activities are directed at the needs of the war. The youths are trained to be soldiers Homeland Defense (PETA). For Bali, the MAP was formed in January 1944 that the program and the requirements of education adapted to PETA in Java.
Age of Independence
Following the proclamation of Indonesian independence, on 23 August 1945, Mr. I Gusti Ketut Puja arrived in Bali with a mandate appointment as Governor of the Lesser Sunda. Since her arrival here Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia in Bali began to be disseminated to the villages. At that moment began to be held preparations for the arrangement of government in Bali as the Lesser Sunda region with its capital Singaraja.Since landing NICA in Bali, Bali has always been a fighting arena. In that battle RI forces using guerrilla system. Therefore, MBO as the holding forces are always moving. To strengthen the defense in Bali, the Navy brought in aid of Java that then merge into force in Bali. Because of frequent battles, the Dutch had sent a letter to Rai to hold negotiations. However, the parties are not willing to Bali fighters, and even continued to strengthen its defenses by involving all the people.To facilitate contact with Java, Rai never take a ploy to shift the attention of the Netherlands to eastern Bali. On May 28, 1946 Rai deploy troops heading east and is known as the "Long March". Held during the "Long March" the guerrilla forces often blocked by the Dutch army so frequent battles. Battles that brought victory in the fighter is Tanah Arun battle, namely the battle which took place in a small village on the slopes of Mount Agung, Karangasem. In Tanah Arun battle which occurred on 9 July 1946 the Dutch were killed. After the battle Ngurah Rai troops back toward the west and they reached the village of Marga (Tabanan). To further conserve energy because of limited weapons, some troops were ordered to fight together with the people.
Bellows Margarana
At the time the staff MBO is in the village of Marga, I Gusti Ngurah Rai ordered his troops to seize police weapons NICA in the city of Tabanan. The order was executed on 18 November 1946 (night) and did well. Some weapons can be seized along with ammunition and a police commander NICA participated join themselves to the troops Ngurah Rai. After the troops soon returned to the village of Marga. On 20 November 1946 since the early morning Dutch troops began a confinement to the village of Marga. Approximately 10:00 am start happening a shootout between army troops Nica Ngurah Rai. In the exciting battle it forces the front part of the Netherlands many dead shot. Therefore, the Dutch soon bring relief from all the soldiers who were in Bali plus the bombers came from Makassar. In the fierce battle that all squad members Ngurah Rai determined not to retreat until the last drop of blood. This is where the Ngurah Rai troops held a "Puputan" or all-out war in the village Margarana so troops numbering 96 men were all dead, including Ngurah Rai itself. By contrast, in the Netherlands there are approximately 400 people who were killed. To commemorate the event on 20 November 1946 in the war bellows Margarana familiar with, and now the former battle area was established Tugu Pahlawan worship of the Park.
Conference Denpasar
On 7 until December 24, 1946, took place at the conference hall Denpasar Bali Hotel. The conference was opened by Hubertus van Mook which aims to establish the State of East Indonesia (NIT) with a capital of Makassar (Ujung Pandang).With the formation of the State of East Indonesia government structure in Bali revived as in the days of the kings, the government held by the king assisted by the duke, retainer, perbekel, and governance at the bottom is kelian. In addition, there's more of a board which is located above the king, the council of the kings.
Submission of Sovereignty
The first military aggression against the Republic of Indonesia pemeritahan troops based in Yogyakarta dilancarakan by the Netherlands on 21 July 1947. The Dutch launched again its aggression that both December 18, 1948. During the second aggression was in Bali constantly sought the establishment of agencies is a struggle Guerrilla more effective. In this connection, in July 1948 can be formed organizations struggle with the name of People's Movement Indonesia Merdeka (GRIM). Subsequently, on November 27, 1949, GRIM merge with other organizations struggle with the name Continued Struggle. The name was later changed to the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) Lesser Sunda.Meanwhile, the Round Table Conference (RTC) regarding the approval of the formation of the United Indonesia - Netherlands started since the end of August 1949. Finally, December 27, 1949 Netherlands recognizes the sovereignty of RIS. Subsequently, on August 17, 1950, RIS was changed to the Republic of Indonesia.Period 1949-2007On October 12, 2002, bombings in Kuta which left around 202 people dead and hundreds injured. Most of the victims died were residents of Australia and Indonesia.
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